(Question on how to make the Declaration.)
Q.
I have a few questions on how to make a DG declaration.

DGR 8.1.2.3.1 (Last sentence)
States “One of two copies, including the signature may be a carbon copy. What is the meaning of a “carbon copy”?
Can the completed DGD with the signature be a photo-copy for submission to the operator?

DGR 8.1.4.1 (Signature)
(a) What is facsimile signature?
(b) How do you interpret the terms “Electronic Signature” and “Digital Signature? Can these two terms be applied interchangeablely under 8.1.4.1?

DGR 8.1.2.5.1 (Note) (Multi-paged DGD)
States* Extension lists are not required to have a signature.
Does this mean that the signature is to be signed only on the first page.

Kindly advise.  (30 Apr 22)
A.
DGR 8.1.2.3.1 (Carbon Copy)
Inserting a carbon sheet between the forms, you can produce the required number of copies either hand-written or typewritten. If you write your signature without removing the carbon sheet, you will get an impressed copy of your signature on the copies. That is the carbon copied signature. Some countries prefer a hand-written signature since hand-written signatures are genuine, authentic and possess legal status. It is proof that the signatory himself/herself has signed the document giving legal authenticity that he/she has committed the company to assume legal penalties in case of fraud. Facsimille-copied signature (documents with signature are transmitted via facsimile machine) is less
authentic and most countries reject. Photo-copied signatures are totally unacceptable as there is no proof that the signatory had executed the declaration.

DGR 8.1.4.1(Signature)
The definition of a Facsimille Signature has been explained in the previous paragraph.
Some countries do not accept facsimile signatures and insist on hand-written signatures.
With the paperless movement an ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE and a DIGITAL SIGNATURE were introduced. Airlines are on the move to paperless transport and several airlines are already implementing a Digital Declaration as well as a Digital AWB.
When transferring a Digital Shipment from a Digital Airline to a non-digital airline, the digital airline must produce a paper DGD, and mark it ORIGINAL RECEIVED ELECTRONICALLY and indicate the name of the signatory in CAPITAL LETTERS. This is explained in 8.1.4.1.2.

DGR 8.1.2.5.1 (Multi-paged DGD)
The shipper places his signature only on the first page of the multi-paged declaration. Please refer ro 8.1.2.5.1 and 8.1.2.5.2 for other details.

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